Preoperative Care Bundle
A care bundle is a set of evidence-based interventions provided simultaneously rather than as single interventions. A care bundle aimed at reducing the prevalence of postoperative pneumonia among patients undergoing surgery for esophageal cancer was tested. This bundle consisted of three breathing exercises, two oral care procedures, and nutritional care, and smoking cessation was taught to patients preoperatively for the prevention of infection.
Protective Isolation
Protective isolation was evaluated in patients with cancer and involved placing a patient in a single room and use of clean gowns, gloves, and masks for people entering the room as well as control of air quality. Protective isolation has been used for immunosuppressed patients with cancer for prevention of infection.
Risk Model-Based CINV Prophylaxis
Risk model based chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) prophylaxis is the provision of an antiemetic regimen based on a combination of patient-centered factors as well as treatment factors for the determination of CINV risk. Individual risk scores for acute and delayed CINV are calculated according to predictors identified, including younger age, history of motion or morning sickness, low daily alcohol consumptions, patient expectation of having CINV, emesis in previous chemotherapy cycles, and receiving platinum- or anthracycline-based chemotherapy.
Senna and Docusate
Senna, a stimulant laxative, is available as a liquid, powder, granules, and tablets to take orally.
Docusate calcium, docusate potassium, and docusate sodium are a part of the class of drugs known as stool softeners.
Spinal Cord Stimulation
Spinal cord stimulation involves placement of electrodes in the epidural space by either an open surgical procedure or via epidural needles. The electrodes are connected to an impulse generator that is programmed to deliver impulses in either preset patterns or continuously in order to relieve pain. The mechanism of potential action is based on the gate control theory of pain perception. Spinal cord stimulation has been evaluated in patients with cancer for pain management.
Steroids for Immunotherapy-Related Dyspnea with Pneumonitis
Steroids are a type of compound that contains a characteristic chemical structure. Steroid drugs have anti-inflammatory activity. Systemic steroids have been used for the treatment of pneumonitis associated with immunotherapies. New onset or worsening dyspnea in patients receiving immunotherapy may indicate pneumonitis.
Steroids for Moderate Diarrhea
Steroids are a type of compound that contains a characteristic chemical structure. Steroid drugs have anti-inflammatory activity. Systemic steroids for moderate diarrhea (grade 2) have been suggested.
Supplemental Parenteral Nutrition
Supplemental parenteral nutrition is the provision of nutrients intravenously to supplement oral and/or enteral nutritional intake.
Systemic Steroids for Moderate to Severe Immunotherapy-Related Skin Toxicity
Steroids are a type of compound that contains a characteristic chemical structure. Steroids have anti-inflammatory activity. The use of systemic corticosteroids has been suggested for high-grade skin toxicity associated with immunotherapy.
Therapeutic Bronchoscopy
Bronchoscopy is a technique of directly visualizing the inside of the airways in the lung for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. A bronchoscope is inserted into the airways through the nose, mouth, or tracheostomy. Therapeutic use includes a number of procedures for acute or chronic situations for the treatment of tumors, air leaks, drug application, removal of foreign bodies, and removal of sputum.